![]() The pathogenesis of PUR is unclear, and research has mainly focused on its high-risk factors. Due to these inconsistencies in the diagnostic criteria, the reported incidence of PUR varies widely from 0.05 to 45%. However, other reports defined PUR as a symptom requiring at least one catheterisation within the first 24 h postpartum. defined PUR as an inability to undergo spontaneous micturition within 12 h after vaginal delivery. divided PUR into overt and covert urinary retention, with overt PUR defined as an inability to urinate autonomically 6 h after vaginal delivery or the need for re-catheterisation 6 h after catheter removal following caesarean section. The definition of PUR varies among studies. ![]() PUR increases the incidence of urinary tract infection and may lead to persistent urinary retention, which substantially affects quality of life. PUR can result in bladder overdistension, which may lead to bladder neuromuscular damage and subsequently voiding dysfunction. Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) is a common postpartum complication characterised by dysuria or a complete inability to urinate after delivery. More attention should be paid to women at high risk to reduce the incidence of PUR. PUR was highly associated with epidural analgesia, forceps delivery, vulvar oedema, episiotomy, and second-degree perineal tears. Univariate analysis identified epidural analgesia, episiotomy, perineal tears, instrument-assisted delivery, duration of labour stage, intrauterine operation, and vulvar oedema as risk factors for PUR. Of the 12,609 women included in our study, 677 were diagnosed with overt PUR (incidence 5.37%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors associated with overt PUR. The control group comprised 677 women without overt PUR randomly selected in a 1:1 ratio matched for date of delivery and who delivered immediately after each woman with overt PUR to minimise the impact of variations over time in obstetric practice. The case group comprised 677 women diagnosed with overt PUR who required catheterisation after delivery. This retrospective case-control study included all primiparas who delivered vaginally between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019, at our institution. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for overt PUR after vaginal delivery. ![]() Moreover, previously reported studies are limited to small sample sizes. However, the literature regarding the incidence of and risk factors for PUR remains unclear. Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) may lead to bladder neuromuscular damage and subsequently voiding dysfunction. ![]()
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